Archimedes：
“The Genius of Syracuse”
“Give me a place to stand, and I will move the earth.”
Life:
Archimedes was born around 287 BCE in the city of Syracuse, a Greek settlement in Sicily. He is considered one of the greatest mathematical minds of antiquity, excelling in geometry, calculus concepts, mechanics, and engineering. Archimedes studied in Alexandria, Egypt, where he was influenced by the works of earlier mathematicians, including Euclid. Returning to Syracuse, he devoted his life to scientific research and invention, creating both theoretical works and practical devices. He was killed in 212 BCE during the Roman conquest of Syracuse, despite orders to spare his life.
Works:
Archimedes wrote numerous treatises, many of which survive today, covering mathematics, physics, and engineering:
Achievements:
Archimedes made groundbreaking contributions to geometry, discovering formulas for the area, surface, and volume of shapes such as spheres, cylinders, and parabolas. He pioneered the principles of leverage and buoyancy (known as Archimedes' Principle), laying the foundation for hydrostatics. Archimedes also invented mechanical devices, including war engines, the Archimedean screw for raising water, and compound pulleys. His mathematical insights anticipated integral calculus, and his ingenious blend of theory and practical invention cemented his reputation as one of history’s greatest minds. His legacy profoundly influenced later scientists, engineers, and mathematicians.